Mary Crow Dog in the American Indian Movement :: essays research papers

During the American Indian Movement, many Native Americans tribes came together as a unit and fought against the injustices that were thrust upon them by American governmental polices. The fact that many Native people were ?whitemanized? through Christianity and other things that such as boarding school played a role in shaping Native peoples identity. However, the involvement in the American Indian Movement shaped the identity of Mary Crow Dog by making her accept who she was ?an Indian woman, and by making her more willing to fight for the rights of Native Americans. Before joining the American Indian Movement, Mary Crow Dog was forced into boarding school and she questioned her identity many times. For instance, she said that as a young girl she wanted to know who she was because her skin was very light. Because of this she wanted a to lay out in the sun so that she could become a real skin Indian. She questioned her Indian identity because her father was white and also because she was a ?iyeska.? This meaning a half blood Indian and as a result she was looked down upon by white people and full bloods Indians. When Mary Crow Dog joined the American Indian Movement, her outlook on life as an Indian changed because she accepted who she was and she was proud of being and Indian as well. She held on to her old religion and she participated in old Indian traditions such as Ghost dancing. She also went back to using medicine man and peyote roadman. In her point of view ?holding on to her own religion was one way of resisting a slow death of the Indian culture that was being perpetuated by the white man. In addition, she stated that to be an Indian she had to go to the full bloods and listen to what they had to say. This is because the full blood was humble and they had hearts. Another thing that allowed Mary Crow dog to accept who she was, was the fact that AIM brought a lot of different tribes together and they all fought collectively against White America. One of the most important things that the American Indian Movement did for Mary Crow dog was it made her more willing to fight for Indian rights. For example, she protested in Washington with AIM and she was part of the native people that took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs building.

The Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Black struggle for civil rights in A

This paper will discuss the Black struggle for civil rights in America by examining the civil rights movement's history and reflecting on Blacks' status in contemporary society, will draw upon various related sources to substantiate its argument. The history of Black social change following the Emancipation Proclamation will be provided to show the evolution of the civil rights struggle. Obstacles that impede the movement's chance of success, such as ignorance in both Whites and Blacks, and covert governmental racism will be discussed. The effectiveness of several elements that compose the movement will reveal their progress, and how this has aided the movement as a whole. The paper will conclude that the struggle for equality has produced significant results, but has not achieved its ultimate goal, which is equality between race. This is so because the contemporary White power structure maintains control of society in ways that are less apparent than they were thirty years ago, but retain a similarly powerful grip. To combat racism today, the struggle for civil rights must explore new methods that illuminate racial discrimination and distinction more clearly. Continuing to fight for social justice is the only way equality can one-day become a reality. Historically, Black groups and leaders have advocated many philosophies that hope to achieve equality. This was the case during two very important times in history, Reconstruction and the 1960s. The first articulated philosophies as means to achieve equality; the second implemented these ideas with great success. Immediately following the Civil War, during Reconstruction, much of the White power structure was overtly racist and angry. Booker T. Washington enco... ...d today. Nonviolence is used as a form of patient protest such as boycotting a business that discriminates. Black power is used to create programs that improve the every day situation of Blacks. Both philosophies make the black situation in America better, by continuing the tradition of protest. Indeed, "the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line" (Greenberg, syllabus). Blacks should study the event in history to understand how Blacks have fought against the White dominant power structure. This is the best way to continue the struggle for equality. Abbreviated Bibliography . Barnard, ed. (Virginia Durr), Outside the Magic Circle . Elaine Brown, A Taste of Power . William Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights . Kenneth O?Reilly, Racial Matters . Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice . Robert Williams, Negroes with Guns

Integration of Social Media, Ethics, and Privacy Policies In the Emplo

Introduction The year is 2013, so there is no surprise that the general public use technology for the majority of our daily lives. We use it for entertainment, business, and day-to-day communication. We also use it to keep in touch with family, friends and old acquaintances. Technology has especially been beneficial for the workplace. Telecommuting and teleconferences are just a couple of alternatives to old fashioned face-to-face business. This, and the rise of various social media sites throughout the past decade has shaped the modern business world. Through these sites, people can share interests, opinions, life events, and random day-to-day activities immediately. With the social media movement growing rapidly every day, the amount of information flowing through cyber space has become harder to contain and protect. To many, privacy is now considered a lost concept. Social media has also become an important tool to use in business and hiring processes. In the minds of human resource departments everywhere, social media sites can be considered a helpful one-stop shop for determining whether or not a candidate is ideal for employment. Sites such as Facebook, for example, can provide employers with insight into a potential employee’s pastimes with a few clicks. A few searches can shed light on violent tendencies, or one’s history with past bosses, supervisors and others in higher positions. Discovering information like these can affect a candidate’s persona and the employer’s initial hiring decisions. White 2 There are many impending questions regarding using social media as a selection tool. First, is it ethical? Does the employee have a right to know if their online profiles are being searched? Are they required to give their ... ..." Labor Law Journal (n.d.): 86-102. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. Genova, Gina L. "No Place to Play: Current Employee Privacy Rights In Social Networking Sites." Business Communication Quarterly (2009): 97-101. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. McGarvey Hidy, Kathleen, and Mary Sheila E. McDonald. "Risky Business: The Legal Implications of Social Media's Increasing Role In Employment Decisions." Journal of Legal Studies in Business 18 (2013): 69-107. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. Mello, Jeffrey A. "Social Media, Employee Privacy and Concerted Activity: Brave New World of Big Brother?" Labor Law Journal (2012): 165-73. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013. Rao, Pramila. "Are Social Networking Sites Good Recruitment Sources?" Clashing Views in Human Resource Management. New York City: McGraw-Hill, 2011. N. pag. Print.

Responsibility for employees Essay

I and two other individuals have agreed to start a business that will provide management consulting services to nonprofit organizations. Because of the increased scrutiny on actions of corporations and those who act on behalf of organizations, we have determined that it would be essential to have our ethics program developed before we start offering our services. A business as a moral agent must prove that it has an effective ethics program to protect employees, the corporation, and businesses that the company will serve. It is also important to have an ethics program to support the ethical values of our corporation and to make it clear to employees what is acceptable behavior, and to make clear what policies and standards are to be followed in our consulting company. It has been proven that businesses who take these steps to prevent misconduct by making the code of ethics clear for their company have had great success with no reputation damage for a period of at least five years for some (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Code of Ethics: A: Standards and Procedures: Responsibility of employees to one another and including management and owners shall be as follows: All employees and personnel of MCS are required to observe the highest standards of personal, professional, and business conduct. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is the minimum standard in fulfilling ethical duties and responsibilities. Management Consulting Services endeavors to practice honesty, fairness, and integrity in all our dealings with one another, the public, the business community, stockholders, clients, and suppliers alike. This requires that we all take responsibility in ethical decision-making and recognize that all actions must reflect the highest ethical practices. Failure to follow the practices and policies of this Management Consulting Services firm can result in discipline, up to and including termination. All personnel working for MCS will be required to read these Ethics Guidelines and a signature of acknowledgement and consent to work under these terms is required. Responsibility to our Clients. Management Consulting Services will serve our clients with integrity, competence, and without bias. MCS will keep  confidential all client information and records of our clients engagements. MCS will use proprietary client information only with the client’s permission. MCS will not allow misuse of confidential client information by our firm or its consultants. MCS will not allow conflicts of interest, which supply a competitive gain to a client through our use of confidential information or property from another client who is a direct competitor without that competitor’s authorization. MCS does not recruit employees of a client or assist them in getting employment elsewhere except by express permission and prior consultation with the client (DiMatteo & DiMatteo, 2001). Responsibility of Management. MCS will not engage in any consulting assignment unless we have a consultant who is qualified to perform it based on their expertise and competency. MCS will assist our fellow consultants in developing their qualities; support them in practicing the Code of Ethics of this profession, and work together with our consultants in a constructive manner. Management Consulting Services will continue to keep our professionals educated by developing their knowledge, skills, and techniques through updated management consulting classes and seminars to remain experts in our professional consulting business. Prior to commencing the execution of any consulting obligation, MCS will ensure that the objectives, range of work, proposal , the professional fees and payment arrangements have all been agreed upon with the client in writing. MCS will immediately concede any influences on our objectivity to our clients and will offer to withdraw from a consulting engagement when a conflict of interest or integrity may be impaired. MCS will document all reports submitted to clients. This will maintain continuity of understanding of the client’s problems and the solutions that have been created for the client in order to have a reference when necessary. MCS will charge reasonable fees that are proportionate with the consulting services we provide, time that we spend, and equivalent to our expertise. MCS does not accept any commissions, fees, or compensation from other parties in connection with any recommendation to a client to purchase equipment, materials, or services as a result of our consulting engagement (Consulting, 2006). MCS will not advertise our services in an illusory or overstated manner or in any other way that may harm the integrity of the profession of management consulting. All clients of Management Consulting Services and all parties involved are required to read  and sign an acknowledgement of these terms and conditions. B. Ethics Training Program: Ethics training programs are part of the necessary growth if all companies. Ethics training programs when given at least yearly will foster positive morale among employees and encourage employees to make right choices based on ethics training. Ethics training will also furnish guidelines for protection in liability. The perception of a business is readily determined by the ethics that company projects among its employees, the environment, and the community. If a company has a reputation of having integrity, employees as well as customers and colleagues will be highly honored to be part of or associated with this business (Gordon, 2006). MCS will mandate online Ethics training to be taken yearly for each employee and all other personnel. The MCS individual will be given 30 days to complete the online training to be completed each year no later than 30 days after the date of hire, i.e. date of hire 06/10/2011, a particular employee would have until 07/10 of every year after their employment date to take the yearly online ethics training and have their completion page signed and sent in to the HR Ethics Manager. The PC online training would encompass four specific areas: Enforcement of company rules. Ethical behavior regarding the environment in relation to company property and liability issues. C. Monitoring, Auditing, and Reporting Ethics Violations: The Board of Directors would be in charge of the Code of Ethics for our company and subject to its rules and regulations. We three would be the committee and I am the Ethics manager and officer. Any and all concerns should be turned in via the online program for anonymous purposes and be directly handled by our committee. The employee and all personnel for our company may still contact the Ethics Officer personally if that is the more comfortable way to deliver the ethics concerns and perceived violations. The Ethics committee would be responsible for developing and interpreting policies and procedures for ethics concerns. Quarterly department meetings for interpretation of ethics policies and procedures. Discuss briefly weaknesses with understanding of ethics policies and procedures and answer questions from employees regarding any of the policies or procedures. Explain the monitoring, auditing, and reporting process and again answer questions employees or personnel may have. Monitoring, Auditing, and Reporting of Misconduct. The Ethics officer would be solely responsible for monitoring the online reporting by employees and personnel and take appropriate measures to resolve possible fraud or misconduct as reported to include private discussion with the accused to avoid legal action if possible, and misunderstandings that occur due to lack of full understanding of the company ethics and procedures policies and standards of conduct. This online system would be directly connected to the Ethics officer’s inbox designed outside of email and strictly through the reporting system and not accessible by other personnel. Auditing would include the effectiveness of operations, the credibility of financial reporting, preventing, and examining for fraud, asset protection, and compliance to laws and regulations of state and Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations and compliance with Sarbanes – Oxley Act. Reporting of misconduct can be done in two ways. An employee or personnel may turn it in through the computer online ethics guideline program anonymously or ask for a private meeting with the ethics officer to reveal the perceived misconduct and be protected without fear of retribution. All reports whether to the ethics officer or through the online anonymous reporting system would be strictly confidential and automatically protect the reporting individual. Rewards for following  the ethics policies and procedures. Additional Paid Time Off at 1 day per year up to the first four years. After the fifth year of employment the paid time off will accrue at 2 additional days per year. A plaque will be awarded to the employee voted on for employee of the year. The employee or personnel will also receive dining tickets made out to favorite restaurant for $30. Disciplines to include. First warning with defining issues, explaining the policies, and retraining. Second warning will include possible suspension along with retraining and possible restitution by employee if necessary. Third could include termination or plea to Ethics committee for continuation of employment with demerit on pay scale and possible demotion. If legal proceedings develop from a violation then termination is absolute. D. Ethics Program Review and Improvement: The ethics committee will determine on a yearly basis if improvements are needed in specific ethics areas and will discuss and implement updates in all areas pertinent. This will be done through review of online suggestions employees and personnel have offered as part of their yearly online ethics training. An ethical checklist will be used to determine proper growth for the company regarding the ethics culture of our company and to determine needed changes for that growth (McNamara, 1992). Education of updates on a yearly basis in conformance with internal auditing standards to include the following: Ethics Programs. IT governance. Fraud risk management. Technology based audits, due professional care. Prohibition from managing risk. Records retention. References Consulting, F. P. (2006). Our Code of Conduct. http://focalpointconsult.com/?category_name=our-code-of-conduct . DiMatteo, B. C., & DiMatteo, G. (2001, March 10). Code of Ethics. http://www.atlanticconsultants.com/about/code-of-ethics.htm . Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2008). Developing an Effective Ethics Program/Implementing and Auditing Ethics Programs. In O. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 4-85). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Gordon, A. (2006, April 6). Ethics Training Programs For Employees. EzineArticles.com/3952220 McNamara, C. M. (1992). Complete Guide To Ethics Management. http://managementhelp.org/businessethics/ethics-guide.htm#anchor41892 .

Oedipus complex in “Sons and lovers” by D.H. Lawrence Essay

ABSTRACT _This paper discusses about â€Å"Oedipus complex in the life of the main character as reflected in D.H. Lawrence sons and lovers: a psychological approach. The objectives of the study are to explain Oedipus complex in the life of the main character of Lawrence Sons and Lovers observed psychologically._ _This research is categorized into a library research because all sources are taken from libraries. The subject of the research is novel entitled Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence. The object of the research about revenges in the novel._ _Some of the important research findings are stated as follows: the first is the character and characterization of the main character. The second is the theory abnormal behavior that caused Oedipus complex in family. The third is the effects caused abnormal behavior or Oedipus complex. Then, there some moral values can be taken from the novel._ _KEYWORDS: OEDIPUS COMPLEX, CHARACTER, PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH._ CHAPTER I In this chapter, as the introduction, the researcher presents the background of the study, identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, formulation of the problems, objective of the study, significance of the study, and presentation of the thesis. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In a family, there are relationship between the members of family such as relationship between parents and their son and daughter. Normally the relation among the members of family is based on love without respect anything although there are gender differences among the members of family causing some factor not rare in a family exist abnormal relationship or deviant relation among mother-son or father-daughter. For example in Indonesia legend there are story tells about deviant relationship among son and mother, where the son (Sangkuriang) wants to married his own mother cause by his interest the parents of the opposite sex. Besides that he also kills his own father as the result of his deviation relationship with his own mother. According to Freud the interested child toward parent of the opposite gender is called Oedipus complex. Oedipus complex is a concept within psychoanalytic theory referring to a stage of psychosexual development where child of either gender regards the parent of the same gender as an adversary, and competitor, for the exclusive love of the parents of the opposite gender. Sons and Lovers is an interesting novel besides this novel also best seller. This novel had written in 1913 and first published, in 1913 by Wordsworth Classics Edition Limited. The story of the novel tells about the deviation relationship between Gertrude Morel and Paul Morel (mother and son), besides that the novel tells about conflict that happened in a family, death of spouse, love affair between Paul morel with two different girls who had become his girlfriends although they cannot replace Paul’s mother position in Paul’s heart. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM Based on the novel, there are some problems that can be identified in novel _sons and lovers_ written by D.H. Lawrence, there are: Paul morel characterization as the main character in the novel psychologically The moral value that can be taken from the novel _sons and lovers_ LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM There are may problems in _sons and lovers by_ D.H. Lawrence, but the researcher is only focus on the feeling of love expressed by main character in the novel _sons and lovers._ FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM The researcher formulates the problem systematically in the sentences below: What are the characterizations of the main character in the novel _sons and lovers_ written by D.H. Lawrence What are the moral value found in the novel OBJECTIVE OF THE PROBLEM Referring to the formulation of the problem, the objectives of the study are: To describe the characterizations of the main character in the novel _sons and lovers_ written by D.H. Lawrence To describe the moral values found in the novel SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It is hoped that the result of the study will provide the following significant contributions: To researcher of this research; it will give experiences on the way of analyzing a novel To provide the student of English department of Ahmad Dahlan University To help the students who want to know more about literary works written by D.H Lawrence PRESENTATION OF THE THESIS The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter consist of background of the study, identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, formulation of the problems, objective of the study, significance of the study, and presentation of the thesis. The second chapter is theoretical framework. The third chapter is about the method of the research. The fourth chapter is discussion. The fifth chapter is conclusion and suggestion. CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK This chapter is divided into six items. They include biography of the author, Character and characterization, theory of the psychological approach, theory of abnormal behavior, theory of Oedipus Complex, and moral value. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter who published as D. H. Lawrence. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them, Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, and instinct. Lawrence’s opinions earned him many enemies and he endured official persecution, censorship, and misrepresentation of his creative work  throughout the second half of his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile which he called his â€Å"savage pilgrimage.† At the time of his death, his public reputation was that of a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents. E. M. Forster, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as, â€Å"The greatest imaginative novelist of our generation.† Later, the influential Cambridge critic F. R. Leavis championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness, placing much of Lawrence’s fiction within the canonical â€Å"great tradition† of the English novel. Lawrence is now valued by many as a visionary thinker and significant representative of modernism in English literature. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION THEORY OF CHARACTER Character is the most important part in a story to recognize individual and figure that involved in the story, for it gives both mental and physical feature of individuals of figure (Sujiman, 1992:16). In literary work character can divided into two groups, major and minor character. The major character can further be analyzed into three groups (1) the protagonist, the very central or hero, (2) the antagonist or the enemy (the challenger) of the protagonist, and (3) the companion(s) or the supporter of the protagonist (Subhan, 2002:8). The Protagonist Protagonist is the character which is the very central and crucial character or the leading actor (actress). He or she usually the hero or the heroine that play an important role in the story, all the settings of the relationship will be connected with him or her, his or her frequent appearance in the story, the protagonist appears from beginning of the story until the story, the title of the novel simply represent the name of the protagonist. The Antagonist Antagonist in the novel usually refers to the enemy of the protagonist or the challenger of the protagonist. The companion of the protagonist may function as the lover of the protagonist. In other words, the companion of the protagonist also plays an important role in the story (Subhan, 2002:11-12) THEORY OF CHARACTERIZATION Characterization is one of the elements which develop the work from inside the novel. This element is needed in competition a literary work. Though the characterization, the reader can understand about the individual character whose life is being told by the author. Nurgiyantoro (2002:165) defines characteristic and attitudes of the character life what is interpreted by the reader’s characterization denotes the personality quality. Moreover, based on characterization Subhan (2003) in his book a Guide to Literary Criticism divided characterization in the novel into two groups, namely flat character and round character. Flat character is the character that has unchanging characterization from the beginning to the end of the story. Round character is just the one, which undergoes changes in the characterization in the course of the story (in the beginning the character is good but in the middle or in the end he/she bad, or the beginning he/she bad but in the middle or in the end he/she become good. THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH According to Rohberger and Woods both literature and psychology discusses people and human lives. Although, sometimes they have different point of view, literature discusses man and his life, which the writer expresses through language in the works of literature. Psychology is a study of man’s life, together with his mind and behavior (1971:16-17). Further, Rohberger and Woods said that this approach brings us to analyze the novel from the  psychological point of view of human being (1971:13). Guerin says that psychological approach is an excellent tool that is most commonly used as an interpretive tool by modern critics to sow by examples how the reader may apply this mode of interpretation to enhance his understanding and appreciation of literature (1979:13). THEORY OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR David sue, Derald Sue and Stanley Sue defines abnormal behavior in their book _Understanding Abnormal Behavior,_ as â€Å"behavior that departs from some norm and is detrimental to the affected individual or to others† (1986:15). Colemen said that the causes of abnormal behavior are divided into two: faulty development and severe stress (1972:135). He also said that the people often find the problems in their life caused by their past life or the experiences they had in the past. For instance, somebody may get difficulty in building a happy marriage because of the hurt he experienced in childhood when his parents did not have happy marriage. In addition according to Sue (1986:37), there are two models of abnormal behavior. They are biogenic and psychogenic models. Biogenic model is a physically cripple. They have a trouble in physical appearance. While there are two major distinguished features of psychogenic models. First, the adult’s disorder is caused by the traumas or anxiety that is experienced by the people during their childhood. Second, the anxieties that happen in childhood operate unconsciously which means that they are repressed through mental defense mechanism. This condition makes people show symptoms which they unable to understand. Supranatiknya in _Mengenal Prilaku Abnormal_ (1995:27-31) add the causative factors in abnormal behavior, namely the psychological and the socio cultural factors. Psychological factors There are five factors that caused of abnormal behavior, first, traumatic experience in the childhood, psychological traumatic leaves scars in a child’s until she or he grows up. When nobody cares about this, the child always remembers it and it will disturb his or her life. Second, psychological trauma is the experience that destroys the sense of security, sense of ability, pride and it will be hard to recover from trauma. Third, parental deprivation, lacks of love from the parents, the parents do not provide the children with love and enough attention in their lives. They do not give them emotional stimulus. Forth, pathogenic relationship between and their parents. It creates a lot of problems and hindrances in their lives, for example, rejections, overprotection, unrealistic demands, over permissive, actions, and pampering action, wrong disciplines, lack of communications and irrational communication and wrong patterns from the parents. The last is pathogenic structure from parents. Family structure can determine the variety of communication among the members. A certain family structure makes an unhealthy communication patterns, and it will influence the emergence of hindrances of the members. Socio cultural Abnormal behavior deviation can cause of socio cultural. For the example, first, war condition. Second, people have to take a kind of duty that enforces him to it, for instance he has to kill somebody in war condition, or to be involved a violent situation. Third, people become the victims in the discrimination based on certain groups or political affiliation. Forth, economics recession and unemployment. THEORY OF OEDIPUS COMPLEX Frudian term about Oedipus complex is drawn from the myth of Oedipus, designating attraction on the part of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry and hostility toward the parents of its own. It occurs during the phallic stage of the psycho-sexual development of personality; approximately year’s three to five. Resolution of the Oedipus  complex is believed to occur by identification with the parent of the same sex and by the renunciation of sexual interest in the parent of the opposite sex. Freud considered this complex the cornerstone of the superego and the nucleus of all human relationship. Freud in (Nye, 1986:412) points out that â€Å"the most important event during the first five years of life occurs during the phallic stage: the Oedipus complex, because during this stage, the genital organs begins to take considerable importance†. According to Sue (1986:50) during this stage, the incestuous felling for the opposite-sex parent becomes very strong. Frued via Nye (1986:421) argues that his complex is a natural aspect of childhood. It can happen in both sexes. Boys develop a sexual attraction to the mother and want to possesses her and displace the father. It is also happen to the girls. Furthermore, Wolm (1968:72) said that the fear of castration forces the boy to abandon his or her incestuous desire for his mother. The passive attitude conceals an increased fear of and hatred for the father. This resentment toward the father often develops into defiant attitudes against all men authority. The affection for the mother often turns into a dependence relationship, into a passive need to be loved. Over attachment to the mother is feminine component, partial identification with the mother-lay lead, in turn, to a submissive toward women in the future. Oedipus complex that faced by Paul Morel is in a kind of his love toward his own mother. Mrs. Morel is a wonderful figure for Paul. She love all of her children, she spoil them all, especially Paul. Paul relationship with his mother is colored with love and attachment between them. The relationship is not only a relationship between mother and son. They have intimated relationship. Paul attachment to his mother started from his early life and continues on his later life. His live to his mother becomes bigger and stronger. They usually have together in journey like loves. Paul’s love towards his mother has developed since he always finds  peacefulness every time he closes to her. Facing the hard conditions of his family in his daily life, Paul wants to find something different that can make him comfortable. Paul can find what he wants from his mother. Paul never dares hurt his mother; his love is big for her. He considers that there is no deepest love that will give to anybody except his other. â€Å"The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt, or wounded his love for her could not bear it† (p.255) For love to his mother, Paul will satisfy if he can do everything that his mother wants from him. It is a way of Paul to express his love and devotion to his mother. Paul love towards his mother can be included as a form of abnormal behavior which is called Oedipus complex in boys. According to Freud (1986), abnormal behavior a boy develops a sexual attraction to the mother wants to possess her and displaces the father. Furthermore, he says that originally, both boy and girl love their father since he can fulfill their needs. This felling does not persist in Paul morel, he tends to prefer his mother and avoid his father, and he has limited interaction with his father because Mr. Morel is cruel in his family. Besides that he also often builds the feel or horror for his children. Paul had bad experiences with his father. He often sees his father hurting his mother. Paul hates because of the misery that his father brings in his family. Therefore, Paul prefers his mother to share his private stories of his day and his mother shares her feeling to him. The warmth that he receives from his mother makes Paul more loving his mother. There is no other woman can enter his private live, his love to is mother is not disturbed. It is one form of Oedipus complex that faced by Paul morel. He even declares to his other that there is no right woman for him except his mother. He acclaims himself to a man of his mother and she is a girl, and they belong each other. He sees himself stuck close to his mother,  similar to a man stuck close to his lovers. The effects of abnormal devotion of Oedipus complex Paul morel faced is he feels that his mother’s love is a burden that makes him unable to love another woman. When Paul grows to be an adult, he wants to finds a woman for his life, but his mother interferes in his life relation with the women. He is conscious about his inability to express his love to woman he loves. He afraid that the woman he loves is not the â€Å"right† one for him. He cannot love any women under his mother’s shadow. The other effects of Oedipus complex that faced by Paul morel is Paul become depend on his mother. His dependence grows stronger as seen when his mother dies. Paul spontaneously feels as if he loses his world. He is desperate and frustrated because he loses someone he depends on every much. He is not sure to continue his life without his mother accompanying him. Losing his mother means everything to Paul. There is no longer a place to lie down, to share his story, and to love. He loses the tender touch. He always got during his mother’s life. He considers that his mother the only one who could handle his life. Besides all of the effects of Oedipus complex toward Paul morel stated above, he also growing up as a traumatic man. Paul does not want to get married; he does not have a desire to get married. Even though his mother supports him to get married he still does not want to get married. It causes by his love to his mother. He does not want to leave his mother alone. He wants to accompany her during her whole life. MORAL VALUES After having analyzed the novel carefully there is several points that writer take as moral values. Firstly, Mr. Morel bad attitude toward his family is was bringing bad effect toward his children it make his children hate him so much. Actually as a father Mr. Morel must be a good example for his children not the bad one because it is not good for his children development. Secondly, Mrs. Morel over love, protection and affection toward Paul also bring great effect to Paul personality development he become depend, introvert, and sensitive. The above points show that Paul parents have bad influences in his Oedipus complex. Paul’s father cannot do his role as a father for his children, especially to Paul. Paul’s mother does no her role as a mother in great capacity that then too much for Paul. Paul develops abnormally because of the imbalance of parent’s role. Paul cannot grow up as well as the other children of a normally family who have good parents. So the moral values that can be taken from the novel are parents in play their role toward their child must be in balance portion both of father or mother. It tended to make the development of the children in a normal condition did not have abnormal deviation. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD This chapter is about type of research, subject and object of the study, data collecting method and data analyzing method. TYPE OF RESEARCH This research belongs to the library research because the sources of this research are from libraries. The sources of this research are classified into two parts, namely; main source and supporting sources. The main sources of this research is the novel _sons and lovers by_ D.H. Lawrence. While the supporting sources of this research are many references supporting the main source, such as; books on literature and psychology, journals, and articles from the internet sites. SUBJECT AND OBJECT OF THE STUDY The subject of the study is the novel _sons and lovers by_ D.H. Lawrence that published in in 1913, it consist of 423 pages. The object of this study is love of the main character as a son reflected in _sons and lovers by_ D.H. Lawrence. DATA COLLECTING METHOD Data collecting method used in this research is the library study method. The researcher goes to the library and read some books that have relation to the theme of the research. After finding the sources and read them the researcher makes any necessary notes that are used to support the research. After making a notes, the researcher categorizes the data and make it ready to be analyzed further. DATA ANALYZING METHOD Data Analyzing method of this research is qualitative research. This method is started by statement, quotation, or described by explanation. It is used to give clear description about the study qualitative by choosing, considering, defining, and arranging the fixed data. CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This chapter discusses the research findings and discussion of the novel â€Å"_sons and lovers†._ In this chapter, the researcher presents about three points; the synopsys of novel, the characterization of the main characters, and moral values taken from the novel. The synopsis of Novel Mrs. Morel is a wonderful figure for Paul. She love all of her children, she spoil them all, especially Paul. Paul relationship with his mother is  colored with love and attachment between them. The relationship is not only a relationship between mother and son. They have intimated relationship. Paul attachment to his mother started from his early life and continues on his later life. His live to his mother becomes bigger and stronger. They usually have together in journey like loves. Paul’s love towards his mother has developed since he always finds peacefulness every time he closes to her. Facing the hard conditions of his family in his daily life, Paul wants to find something different that can make him comfortable. Paul can find what he wants from his mother. Paul never dares hurt his mother; his love is big for her. He considers that there is no deepest love that will give to anybody except his other. â€Å"The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt, or wounded his love for her could not bear it† (p.255) For love to his mother, Paul will satisfy if he can do everything that his mother wants from him. It is a way of Paul to express his love and devotion to his mother. Paul love towards his mother can be included as a form of abnormal behavior which is called Oedipus complex in boys. According to Freud (1986), abnormal behavior a boy develops a sexual attraction to the mother wants to possess her and displaces the father. Furthermore, he says that originally, both boy and girl love their father since he can fulfill their needs. This felling does not persist in Paul morel, he tends to prefer his mother and avoid his father, and he has limited interaction with his father because Mr. Morel is cruel in his family. Besides that he also often builds the feel or horror for his children. Paul had bad experiences with his father. He often sees his father hurting his mother. Paul hates because of the misery that his father brings in his family. Therefore, Paul prefers his mother to share his private stories of his day and his mother shares her feeling to him. The warmth that he receives from his mother makes Paul more loving his mother. There is no other woman can enter his private live, his love to is mother is not disturbed. It is one form of Oedipus complex that faced by Paul morel. He even declares to his other that there is no right woman for him except his mother. He acclaims  himself to a man of his mother and she is a girl, and they belong each other. He sees himself stuck close to his mother, similar to a man stuck close to his lovers. The effects of abnormal devotion of Oedipus complex Paul morel faced is he feels that his mother’s love is a burden that makes him unable to love another woman. When Paul grows to be an adult, he wants to finds a woman for his life, but his mother interferes in his life relation with the women. He is conscious about his inability to express his love to woman he loves. He afraid that the woman he loves is not the â€Å"right† one for him. He cannot love any women under his mother’s shadow. The other effects of Oedipus complex that faced by Paul morel is Paul become depend on his mother. His dependence grows stronger as seen when his mother dies. Paul spontaneously feels as if he loses his world. He is desperate and frustrated because he loses someone he depends on every much. He is not sure to continue his life without his mother accompanying him. Losing his mother means everything to Paul. There is no longer a place to lie down, to share his story, and to love. He loses the tender touch. He always got during his mother’s life. He considers that his mother the only one who could handle his life. Besides all of the effects of Oedipus complex toward Paul morel stated above, he also growing up as a traumatic man. Paul does not want to get married; he does not have a desire to get married. Even though his mother supports him to get married he still does not want to get married. It causes by his love to his mother. He does not want to leave his mother alone. He wants to accompany her during her whole life. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS Character is the most important part in a story to recognize individual and figure that involved in the story, for it gives both mental and physical feature of individuals of figure (Sujiman, 1992:16). Protagonist is the character which is the very central and crucial character  or the leading actor (actress). He or she usually the hero or the heroine that play an important role in the story, all the settings of the relationship will be connected with him or her, his or her frequent appearance in the story, the protagonist appears from beginning of the story until the story, the title of the novel simply represent the name of the protagonist. Paul is the protagonist of the novel, and we follow his life from infancy to his early twenties. He is good looking, romantic, work hard, and unceasingly devoted to his mother. They are inseparable; he confides everything in her, works and paints to please her, and nurses her as she dies. Paul has ultimately unsuccessful romances with Miriam Leiver and Clara Dawes, always alternating between great love and hatred for each of them. His relationship fails with Miriam because she is too sacrificial and virginal to claim him as hers, whereas it fails with Clara because, it seems, she has never given up on her estranged husband. However, the major reason behind Paul’s break-ups is the long shadow of his mother; no woman can ever equal her in his eyes, and he can never free himself from her possession. After analyzing this novel, the researcher finds some characterization of the main character. They are: GOOD LOOKING Paul is a young man whose physical appearance is handsome. See quotation below: â€Å"Paul made no answer, but passed listlessly in front of his picture and turned towards it. A look joy came into his eyes, as if he had recognized himself for the first time† (Ch II.P.40) ROMANTIC Paul is a romantic person. When he met Clara at the theatre at the first time, he fell in love to her and describe as a beautiful girl. It can be seen in this statement: â€Å"imagine a girl, hardly seventeen years of age, with a little flowerlike face, lips that were like the petals of a rose. She was the loveliest thing I had ever seen† (CH III, P.50) WORK HARD Paul was always work hard to achieve what he wanted. He gave everything he had, his ability, his time to do. It can be seen in this statement: â€Å"I take my half of our final list back to my desk, and I’m about to do a job† CH I, P.15) MORAL VALUES OF THE NOVEL After having analyzed the novel carefully there is several points that writer take as moral values. Firstly, Mr. Morel bad attitude toward his family is was bringing bad effect toward his children it make his children hate him so much. Actually as a father Mr. Morel must be a good example for his children not the bad one because it is not good for his children development. Secondly, Mrs. Morel over love, protection and affection toward Paul also bring great effect to Paul personality development he become depend, introvert, and sensitive. BIBLIOGRAPHY Guerin. 1979. _An introduction Guide to Literature_. New York: Longman. Hornby, A.S. 1985. _Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English_. Great Britain. Oxford University Press. Lawrence, David Herbert. 1993. _Sons and Lovers_. London: reprint in wordsworth classic published. Nye, Robert D. 1986. Three _Psycologies: Perspective from Freud, skinner and Rogers._ California: Brooks/cole Publishing Company. Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 2002. _Teori Pengkajian Fiksi_. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada Press. Rohberger, Mary, and Samuel h. woods, Jr. 1971_. Reading and Writing about Literary_. New York: Random House. Subhan, Bustami. 2002. _Literary Criticism Book One_. Yogyakarta: LPPDMF. _____________ 2003_. A Guide to Literary Criticism._ Yogyakarta: LPPDMF. Sue, David, Derald, Stanley. 1986. _Understanding Abnormal Behavior_. New York: Random House Inc. Sujiman, Panuti. 1992. _Memahami Cerita Rekaan_.bandung: Dunia Pustaka Jaya. Supraktiknya. 1995. Mengenal Perilaku Abnormal. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. CONCLUSION. Based on the analysis from _Sons And Lovers_ by D.H Lawrence, it can be concluded that, first, cause of the onset of Oedipus complex is preceded by a relationship of harmony in the household Mr. Morel and his wife. Disharmony is mainly due to domestic economic problems and habits of husbands who like to consume liquor. Under these conditions the wife turned their concern to his son, the William and Paul. The Oedipus complex which was one of the crucial themes prevalent throughout the novel was particularly evident through the form of dialogue. As Paul talks more to his mother and the readers witness his stream of consciousness one begins to notice the usual lustful and romantic feelings he has for his mother. This  fact is compounded by his resentment and hatred of his father. Therefore, D.H Lawrence strategizes his plot and character development in such a way as to advance the thematic elements he wishes to presume within the novel. He cleverly engages the reader through the use of these literary techniques to recognize the motifs and themes being portrayed and an element of imagery is created in the same token.

Appearance vs. Reality †Comparative Essay Essay

It is all about Looking Good: A Comparison between The Role of Appearance vs. Reality In Macbeth and Frankenstein.  Macbeth is one of the works of playwright William Shakespeare and it is considered one of his most powerful tragedies. It tells the story of a good warrior, Macbeth, who turns bad because of ambition and greed. It is a classic tale of biting more than one can chew. A few centuries later, an author named Mary Shelley wrote a gothic novel, Frankenstein, about a young scientist named Victor Frankenstein who creates a being and abandons it. The creature tries to be accepted by both society and his creator. Although these two texts are of different genres and eras, with Shakespeare’s play showing strong themes of ambition and corruption and Shelley’s novel showing themes of justice, madness and the sublime, both authors use the theme of appearance vs. reality. They use this to show how human judgment is based solely on appearances, how an individual can chang e because of this judgment and how appearance plays a role in determining one’s place in society. It is human nature to judge others on their outward looks. People depend mostly on their visual senses as the strongest point of judgment. For example, in the play Macbeth, Macbeth and his wife deceive the king with their actions and words to make him feel welcome while they are actually planning his murder. (Macbeth I. v). They know that people judge on appearance and decide to use it to their advantage. They act how they want people to see them, as loyal subjects of the king as opposed to deceitful, cunning and ambitious people which was what they really were. As said by Lady Macbeth, â€Å"to [deceive] the time, look like the time.† (Macbeth I. v.70-71). As vision is the primary sense of man, the basis of human judgment is the shape, colour or texture of the overall outward appearance. This determines if something is good or bad. In Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein’s creation had yellow skin, watery eyes and straight black lips. He was not what was considered beautiful (Shelley, 58). The creature looked ugly and vile, and ugly and vile is not considered good so it was judged as bad. Eventually, appearance catches up with reality and an individual could change or become what others think they are because of how they look. The judgment dished out by people can be harmful to both the individual being judged and the ones doing the judging. It can lead to one building up different feelings inside of them. In Macbeth’s case, it led to overconfidence. He started out good; he was a brave and loyal warrior for his country (Macbeth I. ii.30-45). Then he committed a murder to satisfy his ambition to become king (II. ii) and he got away with it because no one could guess from the way he acts the bad intentions he has or the crime he has committed. He goes on killing and still no can tell because everyone keeps judging based on what they see on the outside. Macbeth reaches a point where he decides to let â€Å"the very firstlings of [his] heart be the very firstlings of [his] hand† (IV. i.161-162). By this time, Macbeth has turned into a tyrant and this is harmful to both him and the people of Scotland. Likewise, the judgment dished out for Frankenstein’s creation had a detrimental effect. He was initially compassionate and thoughtful until his naà ¯ve view of humans was destroyed by the unjust cruelty he faced (â€Å"Frankenstein- The Theme of Appearance.† 1). The creature was good but was never given the chance to so much as speak before he was turned away because of the way he looked (Shelley, 108). Eventually, he becomes threatening and malicious because of the hurtful treatment he had to bear (Shelley 148). Wrong judgment can have an effect, as shown in both Macbeth and the creature’s situation. The one difference is that Macbeth was already ambitious but got worse while in the creature’s case, he completely turned around and went from good to bad. In both cases, each individual’s place in society was affected. People are ranked into categories in society. It creates a social hierarchy where everyone knows their place and who they should associate with. There are ways to determine this and appearance plays a role. For example, if there was no predetermined idea of how good things should look and instead morals, intelligence and compassion was emphasized more than one’s outward appearance, Frankenstein’s creature would never have suffered isolation because of his unattractiveness (â€Å"Frankenstein- The Theme of Appearance.† 1). His place in society is at the very bottom because he has no one else who is willing to be associated with him and no one else who is like him. In Macbeth’s case, he was aiming for the highest rank; Kingship. In his time, a  king is considered closest to God and therefore the highest position in social hierarchy. Macbeth kills the king to become king and because no one judged him as capable of committing such an act, but instead judged him on how he appeared to be a loyal subject of the king, he attained the highest position in society. The theme of things not always being as they should be has been used throughout the history of literature. This is shown by Shakespeare and Shelley who wrote in completely different contexts and centuries. They show how judging based on appearances can have an effect on the individual, how the visual sense is man’s strongest sense so judgment is instinctively based on appearances and how the way one looks puts them in their place in society. The prejudice of looking good meaning being good and looking bad meaning being bad has been around for a while and will probably be around for as long as humans are able to see. Works Cited. â€Å"Frankenstein – Theme of Appearance.† 1999. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. 2nd ed. Ken Roy. Toronto: Nelson, 2001. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 1818. New York: Penguin, 1992. Print.

Types of friends to have

The last thing you want to be described as is someone who's stuck in their own ways. If everyone had a friend from a different culture, the world would be a much better place. Being in a cross-cultural friendship allows you to explore customs, values, and traditions outside of your own culture. Sometimes you might even adopt new ways to do things. Be careful; don't befriend someone Just because they're from a different culture. No one likes to be a token friend.Instead, keep your mind open, and if you come across someone you click with who Just so happens to be from a different culture, make the effort to learn about their customs, values, and traditions while getting to know the person on a personal level. A Wise Mentor Jesse Jackson once said, â€Å"Never look down on someone unless you're helping them up. † If you have someone smart, inspiring, and admirable in your life who practices this philosophy, you're extremely lucky. We all need a friend who inspires us to be otter people without making us feel inadequate.Plus, being around such a person will challenge us to better ourselves every day. The wise mentor in your life doesn't have to be someone who shares the same occupation or hobbies with you. It's simply someone who's a few steps ahead of you in life and has enough wisdom and patience to guide you in the right direction. It can be anyone -? a colleague, a friend who's beyond their years, or an older neighbor -? as long as you look up to this person and want to be more like them. A Loyal Best FriendSometimes a loyal best friend is the only thing you need to stay sane. Everyone needs a non-judgmental friend who will support them no matter what. This is the kind of friend who lets you be a hot mess and knows all of your deepest and darkest secrets, but still loves you all the same. A Work Pal Did you know that with a full-time Job, you spend at least 50% of your waking hours at work? Not only that, but you spend some more time commuting to work, t hinking about work, working overtime, and furthering your career on your personal time.Depressing, isn't it? Statistics show that the more isolated you are at work, the more depressed you get. That's why it makes sense to get a work pal to chat with at the water cooler and to help you get through the week. You spend 50% of your waking hours at work, and so does your work pal. You'll find it much easier to shoot the breeze and complain about work with someone who can relate to you than eating lunch alone every day. Your work pal doesn't have to be your best friend outside of work.They Just need to be someone you click with on some level, and if you two hit it if exceptionally well, you can always start hanging out with them outside of the office. With a loyal best friend, a fearless adventurer, a brutally honest confidant, a wise mentor, a friend from a different culture, a polar opposite, a friendly neighbor, and a work pal in your life, you're bound to live a long and happy! A Frie ndly Neighbor These days, a lot of people don't know their own neighbors. It's a shame, because some neighbors can be the nicest and most helpful people ever.